52:1. By Mount Sinai,

52:2. and by a Book inscribed

52:3. on an unfurled parchment,

52:4. and by the much-frequented House,

52:5. and by the canopy [of heaven] raised high,

52:6. and by the sea kept filled.

52:7. verily the punishment of your Lord will surely come to pass;

52:8. there is none who can avert it.

52:9. On the day when the heaven will convulse in a great convulsion,

52:10. and the mountains move and pass away,

52:11. then woe that day to the deniers,

52:12. those who amuse themselves with vain discourse.

52:13. On the day when they are shoved forcibly towards the fire of hell,

52:14. fit will be said to them:] This is the fire which you used to deny.

52:15. So is this magic? Or can you not see?

52:16. Bum therein, and whether you bear it patiently or not, it will make no difference to you; you will be requited only for what you used to do.

Here Allah swears by these great things, that are based on immense wisdom, to the truth of the resurrection and the requital of the pious and the disbelievers. He swears by Mount Sinai, which is the mountain on which Allah spoke to His Prophet Moosa ibn ‘Imran and revealed what He revealed to him of rulings.

This is pointing out the great blessings that Allah bestowed upon him and his nation, as the blessings of Allah cannot be appreciated fully or evaluated properly, for they are beyond measure.

﴾and by a Book inscribed﴿. It may be that what is meant is al- Lawh al-Mahfoodh. in which Allah has written all things, or it may be that what is meant is the Holy Qur’an, which is the best Book that Allah sent down, containing stories and knowledge of the earlier and later generations.

﴾fon an unfurled parchment﴿ that is, open, unconcealed pages, the nature of which is not hidden from anyone who is rational and has insight.

﴾and by the much-frequented House﴿. This refers to the House that is above the seventh heaven, that is frequented at all times by the noble angels. Every day seventy thousand angels enter it, worshipping their Lord therein, then they will never return to it until the Day of Resurrection. And it was suggested that the much-frequented House is the sacred House of Allah (the Kaaba), which is frequented by those who circumambulate it, pray and remember Allah at all times, and by the delegations who come to it for Hajj and ‘umrah, as Allah swore by it elsewhere:

ffAnd by this secure city [Makkah].p (at-Teen 95: 3)

Such a House - that is the best house on earth, that is the destination for anyone who goes for ‘umrah or Hajj, which is one of the pillars of Islam, without which Islam cannot be complete, and that was built by Ibraheem and Isma‘eel, and Allah made it a focal point for the people, and a sanctuary (cf 2: 125) - deserves that Allah should swear by it and highlight of its greatness and sanctity what is appropriate to it.

﴾and by the canopy [of heaven] raised high﴿ that is, the sky which Allah has made a canopy for all creatures and the roof for the earth, from which light is received, by the markers and lights of which people navigate, and from which Allah sends down rain, mercy and all kinds of provision.

﴾fand by the sea kept filled﴿ that is, filled with water which Allah has contained and prevented from overflowing and swamping the land, even though by nature it should cover the entire face of the earth. But His wisdom dictated that He should prevent it from flowing freely and flooding the land, so that all kinds of creatures can live on the face of the earth.

It was also suggested that what is meant by masjoor (translated here as ﴾kept filled﴿) is set on fire, which will happen on the Day of Resurrection, so it will become a raging fire that is filled - in all its greatness and vastness - with all kinds of torment.

The fact that Allah swears by these things indicates that they are among the signs of Allah and offer evidence and proof of His oneness and might, and that He will resurrect the dead. Hence He says:

﴾verily the punishment of your Lord will surely come to pass﴿ that is, it will inevitably happen, for Allah does not break His promise or His word.

﴾there is none who can avert it﴿ or ward it off, and there is no impediment that can prevent it, because no one can resist or escape the might of Allah (سبحانه وتعالى).

Then Allah describes that day on which the punishment will come to pass: ﴾On the day when the heaven will convulse in a great convulsionthat is, the heavens will rotate in turmoil, continuously moving in a chaotic fashion and not remaining still.

﴾and the mountains move and pass away﴿ that is, they will shift from their places and move like clouds, changing colour, then they will crumble and become like scattered dust. All of that will be due to the immense fear and terrible events of the Day of Resurrection, and the turmoil and upheaval that will cause this disturbance to these great entities. So how about feeble human beings?

﴾then woe that day to the deniers﴿ - the word translated here as (﴾woe﴿ is a word that encompasses all punishment, grief, torment and fear.

Then Allah describes the deniers who are deserving of woe: ﴾those who amuse themselves with vain discourse﴿ that is, discourse about falsehood with which they amuse themselves. Their knowledge and learning is aimed at the pursuit of harmful types of knowledge, for the purpose of rejecting the truth and confirming falsehood. Their deeds are the deeds of people of ignorance, foolishness and idle pursuits, in contrast to the way of the people of faith who pursue beneficial knowledge and righteous deeds.

﴾0n the day when they are shoved forcibly towards the fire of hell﴿ that is, on the day when they are pushed harshly and driven violently towards it, dragged on their faces, it will be said to them by way of rebuke and blame:

﴾This is the fire which you used to deny﴿ so today taste the eternal punishment, which no one could estimate or describe.

﴾So is this magic? Or can you not see?﴿ - It may be that this refers to the fire and the punishment, as indicated by the context. In other words: when they see the fire and the punishment, it will be said to them, by way of rebuke: Is this magic that has no reality? For you can see it, or did you not see when you were in the world? In other words: Did you have no insight or knowledge, and were you ignorant of this matter for which no proof was established for you?

The response in both cases is in the negative.

As for the idea of it being magic, it will become clear to them that it is the truest of truths, which is contrary to magic in all respects.

As for the idea of them not seeing, that is not the case. Rather the proof of Allah was established against them, and the Messengers called them to believe in that, establishing evidence and proof to that effect, that made it (the hereafter and the punishment) one of the issues that had the most proof and clearest evidence.

Or it may be that the question ﴾So is this magic? Or can you not see?﴿ refers to what the Messenger (ﷺ) brought of clear truth and the straight path. In other words: Was the message brought by Muhammad (ﷺ) magic or is it that you could not see, to the extent that you were confused? In fact his message is the clearest and truest of all things, and the proof of Allah has been established against them.

﴾Bum therein﴿ that is, enter the fire so that it may envelop you and contain your physical being from all directions.

﴾fand whether you bear it patiently or not, it will make no difference to you﴿ that is, patience will not benefit you in the fire, and youwill not be able to console one another; the punishment will not be alleviated for you, for it is not one of the things of which the intensity will diminish if it is borne with patience.

That will happen to them because of their evil deeds. Hence Allah says: ﴾you will be requited only for what you used to do﴿.

52:17. Verily the righteous will be amidst gardens and bliss.

52:18. enjoying what their Lord has bestowed upon them, and their Lord will have saved them from the punishment of the blazing fire.

52:19. [It will be said to them:] Eat and drink with enjoyment, as a reward for your deeds.

52:20. They will be reclining on couches arranged in rows, and We will marry them to fair companions with big beautiful eyes.

Having mentioned the punishment of the deniers, Allah now mentions the bliss of the righteous, in order to combine encouragement and warning, and so that people’s hearts may be in a state between fear and hope. Therefore He says:

﴾Verily the righteous﴿ who feared their Lord and feared His wrath and punishment, by taking measures that could protect them against it by complying with the commands and heeding the prohibitions ﴾will be amidst gardens﴿ that are filled with long-branched trees, flowing rivers, lofty palaces and adorned dwellings﴾and bliss﴿ which includes all psychological, spiritual and physical delights.

﴾enjoying what their Lord has bestowed upon them﴿ that is, amazed by it, enjoying with delight and happiness what their Lord has granted them of indescribable blessings, for no soul knows what has been kept hidden for them of delight.

Allah protected them from the punishment of hell, granted them what they love and saved them from what they fear, because they did that which Allah loves and they avoided that which incurs His wrath.

﴾[It will be said to them:] Eat and drink﴿ that is, whatever you desire of all types of delicious food and drink ﴾with enjoyment﴿ that is, enjoying that food and drink with joy, happiness and pleasure,

﴾as a reward for your deeds﴿ that is, you have attained this because of your good deeds and good words.

﴾They will be reclining on couches arranged in rows﴿ what is meant by the word translated here as ﴾reclining﴿ is sitting and firmly resting in a relaxed and settled manner. The word translated as ﴾couches﴿ refers to couches that are adorned with all kinds of adornment, such as fine cloth and beautiful upholstery.

Allah describes the couches as being arranged in rows so as to indicate that they are numerous and well organised, and the people sitting on them are together and happy, treating one another kindly and speaking gentle words to one another. When they have all that may delight them, heart and soul, along with all kinds of physical delights such as have never crossed people’s minds and cannot be described, of delicious food and drink and pleasant gatherings in a beautiful place, there is nothing left except to enjoy physical pleasures with women, without whom happiness cannot be complete. Therefore Allah tells us that they will have wives who are the most perfect of women, both physically and in attitude. Hence He says: ﴾and We willmarry them to fair companions with big beautiful eyes﴿. These are women who combine beauty and glamour of outward form with the best attitude and character; their beauty would dazzle the onlookers and astound people, and they would be impatient to meet them and long to talk to them. The word translated here as referring to them having big beautiful eyes refers to the beauty of eyes of which the white and black parts are very clear and pure.

52:21. For those who believe and whose offspring follow them in faith, We will cause their offspring to join them, and We will not detract anything from the reward of their good deeds. Every person is held in pledge for what he earns.

52:22. And We will provide them with fruit and meat, such as they desire.

52:23. There they will pass around a cup [of wine] which will not lead to any idle talk or sin.

52:24. There will circulate among them [servant] boys of theirs, as if they are pearls carefully guarded.

52:25. They will turn to one another with questions.

52:26. They will say: When we were living before among our kinsfolk we were afraid [of Allah’s punishment].

52:27. Therefore Allah was gracious to us and protected us from the punishment of the scorching fire.

52:28. Verily we used to call upon Him before. Verily He is the Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

This is part of the perfect bliss of the people of paradise: Allah will cause to join them their offspring who followed them in faith. Allah will cause these offspring to reach their parents’ level in paradise, even though their deeds were not sufficient to reach their parents' level, as an increased reward for their parents. Moreover, that will not detract from the good deeds of the parents in the slightest.

Because some may imagine that the same is applicable to the people of hell, and that Allah will cause their offspring or parents to join them, Allah tells us that the rulings governing the two realms are not the same. Hell is the realm of justice, and part of Allah’s justice is that He does not punish anyone except for his own sin. Hence He says: ﴾Every person is held in pledge for what he earns﴿. So no soul will bear the burden of another and the sins of one person will not be borne by another. This is adding a further comment in order to remove any misunderstanding.

﴾And We will provide them﴿ that is, we will provide to the people of paradise, from Our abundant bounty and provision ﴾fruit﴿ such as grapes, pomegranates, apples and more types of delicious fruits than are essential for nourishment ﴾fand meat, such as they desire﴿ of all that they may request and want, such as the flesh of fowls and other kinds of meat.

﴾There they will pass around a cup﴿ that is, cups of nectar and wine will circulate among them, and they will pass them to one another, and immortal (servant) boys will circulate among them with

﴾which will not lead to any idle talk or sin﴿ that is, there is no idle talk in paradise, which is talk in which there is no benefit; and therewill be no sin, which is that in which there is disobedience to Allah. As these two things are ruled out, a third matter is proven, which is that their talk in paradise will all be good and pure, bringing joy and happiness to hearts and souls. They will treat one another in the best manner, exchanging the best conversation, and they will not hear from their Lord anything but that which will bring them delight and will indicate that He is pleased with them and loves them.

﴾There will circulate among them [servant] boys of theirs, as if they are pearls carefully guarded﴿ because of their beauty. They will go around to serve them and meet all their needs. This is indicative of many abundant blessings and perfect comfort.

﴾They will turn to one another with questions﴿ about the affairs of the previous world and what happened.

﴾They will say﴿, describing what brought them to this place of joy and happiness in which they find themselves:

﴾When we were living before﴿ in the previous world ﴾among our kinsfolk we were afraid [of Allah’s punishment]﴿ that is, we were afraid and apprehensive, so we refrained from sin out of fear of Him, and we corrected our faults.

﴾Therefore Allah was gracious to us﴿ and He guided us ﴾and protected us from the punishment of the scorching fire﴿ that is, the punishment of severe heat.

﴾Verily we used to call upon Him before﴿ asking Him to protect us from the punishment of the scorching fire and cause us to attain bliss. This includes the supplication of worship and the supplication of asking. In other words, we kept trying to draw close to Him by doing all kinds of acts of worship and calling upon Him at all times. ﴾Verily He is the Beneficent, the Most Merciful﴿ and part of His beneficence and mercy towards us is that He caused us to attain His pleasure and reach paradise, and He protected us from His wrath and the fire of hell.

•j>-)

52:29. So keep reminding [them, O Muhammad], for by the grace of your Lord you are neither a soothsayer nor a madman.

52:30. Or do they say: [He is] a poet; we are waiting for some misfortune to befall him?

52:31. Say: Wait then! I am waiting with you.

52:32. Is it their reasoning that prompts them to say this, or are they a people transgressing beyond bounds?

52:33. Or do they say: He has made it [the Qur’an] up himself? Rather they are not willing to believe.

52:34. Then let them produce a discourse like it, if they are telling the truth.

52:35. Were they created by nothing, or were they themselves the creators?

52:36. Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Rather they lack certainty of faith.

52:37. Or do they possess the treasuries of your Lord? Or do they rule supreme?

52:38. Do they have a means of ascending [to heaven] in order to listen [to those on high]?^{1That is, to listen to the angels and thus know that what they are following is the truth.} Then let their listener produce clear proof.

52:39. Does He have daughters while you have sons?^{2The pagans of Quraysh regarded the angels as daughters of Allah and worshipped them. (at-Tabari)}

52:40. Or is it that you are asking them for recompense which they find too burdensome?

52:41. Or do they have knowledge of the unseen, which they are writing down?

52:42. Or do they intend a plot [against you, O Muhammad]? But it is those who disbelieve who will be outwitted.

52:43. Or do they have a god other than Allah? Glory be to Allah, [far exalted is He] above having the partners they ascribe to Him.

Here Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) instructs His Messenger (ﷺ) to remind the people, both Muslims and disbelievers, so as to establish the proof of Allah against the wrongdoers and so that the fortunate will be guided by this reminder; and He tells him that he should not pay any attention to the words and annoyance of the disbelieving polytheists and what they say to bar people from following him, even though they know that he is the furthest removed of all people from what they accuse him of. Hence Allah declared him to be above any of the accusations that they made against him, as He said:

﴾for by the grace of your Lord﴿ that is, by His kindness and favour ﴾you are neither a soothsayer﴿ who has a jinni with whom he communicates and who brings him some news of the unseen, adding to it a hundred lies

﴾nor a madman﴿ who has lost his mind. Rather you are the most rational of people and the most mature in thinking, and the furthestremoved from the devils; you are the most truthful of people and the most perfect in dignity.

And sometimes (they say) of him that ﴾[He is] a poet﴿ who composes poetry, and what he has brought is poetry. But Allah says:

﴾(We have not taught him [the Prophet] poetry, nor could he ever have been a poet...﴿ (Yd Seen 36: 69)

﴾we are waiting for some misfortune to befall him﴿ that is, we are waiting for him to die, for then his call will come to an end and we will be rid of him.

﴾Say﴿ to them, in response to these foolish words: ﴾Wait then!﴿ that is, wait for me to die,

﴾I am waiting with you﴿, waiting for Allah to afflict you with punishment, either directly from Him or at our hands.

﴾Is it their reasoning that prompts them to say this, or are they a people transgressing beyond bounds?﴿ That is, does this rejection of you, and what they say, stem from their reasoning and rational thinking? What bad reasoning it is that led to such a conclusion and outcome!

For no doubt reasoning that concluded that the most perfect of people in reason was insane, and deemed the most truthful of truth as a lie and falsehood, is indeed reasoning of a level to which even the insane would not sink.

Or is it that what made them reach this conclusion was their wrongdoing and transgression This is in fact what it is, for transgression knows no limit. So such words and deeds are not surprising on the part of the transgressor who goes beyond all bounds.

﴾Or do they say: He has made it [the Qur’an] up himself?﴿ that is, do they say that Muhammad (ﷺ) has made up the Qur’an of his own accord?

﴾Rather they are not willing to believe﴿ for if they believed, they would not say such things.

﴾Then let them produce a discourse like it, if they are telling the truths when they say that he made it up, for you are eloquent and well-spoken Arabs, and you have been challenged to produce something like it. Thus you will either prove your point or (if you fail) you will confirm that it is the truth and that, even if you all came together, humans and jinn, you would not be able to produce the like of it. Therefore, you are left with two choices:

Either you may believe in it and follow its guidance, or you can stubbornly persist in following what you know of falsehood.

﴾Were they created by nothing, or were they themselves the creators?﴿ This is an argument against them, by presenting an argument that leaves them with no choice but to submit to it, or to go beyond the framework of reason and religious teachings (and thus demonstrate how lost they are). To explain further: they deny the oneness of Allah and reject His Messenger (ﷺ), which leads to denying that Allah created them.

But it is well established on the basis of reason, as well as religious teaching, with regard to the issue of creation, that only one of three scenarios may apply:

Either they were created by nothing. In other words there is no creator who created them; rather they came into existence without anyone to bring them into existence, which is impossible.

Or they created themselves, which is also impossible, because it cannot be imagined that they brought themselves into existence. Having ruled out these two scenarios, as it is clear that they are impossible, it becomes clear that the only answer is the third scenario, which is that it is Allah Who created them.

Once that is established, it is known that Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) is the only One Who is deserving of worship, the only one to Whom worship should be devoted, and it is not right or proper to worship any except Him.

﴾Or did they create the heavens and the earth?﴿ This is a question which indicates that they did not do that. In other words, they did notcreate the heavens and the earth, because in that case they would be partners with Allah. This is very clear.

But the disbelievers ﴾lack certainty of faith﴿ that is, they do not have proper knowledge or any certainty that would make them benefit from the textual and rational evidence.

﴾Or do they possess the treasuries of your Lord? Or do they rule supreme?﴿ That is, do these disbelievers possess the treasuries of your Lord’s mercy, so that they may give it to whomever they wish and withhold it from whomever they want, so that is why they wanted to prevent Allah from bestowing prophethood upon His slave and Messenger Muhammad (ﷺ), as if they were in charge of the treasuries of Allah’s mercy, when they are too insignificant for that, for they have no power to benefit or harm themselves, or to cause death, give life or resurrect?

﴾fls it they who distribute the blessings of your Lord? It is We Who distribute their livelihood among them in the life of this world...)﴿

﴾Or do they rule supreme?﴿ That is, do they have authority over the creation and dominion of Allah by means of force and strength? That is not so; rather they are helpless and weak.

﴾Do they have a means of ascending [to heaven] in order to listen [to those on high]﴿ that is, do they have the ability to find out about the unseen and listen to those on high, so that they are told about matters that no one else knows?

﴾Then let their listener﴿ who makes that claim ﴾produce clear proofs - but where will he get that from?

Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) is the Knower of the unseen and the seen, and He does not allow anyone to learn about the unseen except the Messengers, with whom He is pleased, whom He tells whatever He wills.

Because Muhammad (ﷺ) is the best and most knowledgeable of the Messengers, and their leader, and is the one who conveyedwhatever he was told about the oneness of Allah, His promise and warning, and other matters of truth, whereas the deniers are the people of ignorance, misguidance, transgression and stubbornness, then which of the two parties is more deserving of having their word accepted?

Especially since the Messenger (ﷺ) has established proof and evidence for what he said, which makes what he said something very certain and most truthful, whereas they have not established any argument for their claims, let alone clear proof.

﴾Does He have daughters﴿, as you claim, ﴾while you have sons?﴿ thus you combine two mistakes, by ascribing offspring to Him and choosing for Him the lesser of the two categories. Is there any greater disrespect towards the Lord of the worlds than this?

﴾Or is it that you﴿ O Messenger (ﷺ) ﴾are asking them for recompense﴿ for conveying the message, ﴾which they find too burdensome?﴿ That is not so; rather you are keen to teach them for nothing in return, and in fact you are spending a great deal of money on them so that they may accept your message and respond to your call, and you give to those whose hearts are to be won over, so as to establish knowledge and faith in their hearts.

﴾Or do they have knowledge of the unseen, which they are writing down﴿, so they write down what they know of the unseen, and thus gain information and knowledge of which the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) is not aware, then they oppose him and stubbornly resist him because of knowledge of the unseen that they have? But it is known that they are an unlettered nation, ignorant and misguided.

It is the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) who has more knowledge than anyone else, for Allah has granted him knowledge of the unseen that He did not disclose to anyone else. All of this proves to them by means of both rational and textual evidence that their views are corrupt, and proves, in the clearest and most eloquent manner, to which no objections can be raised, that what they say is false.

﴾Or do they intend﴿ by criticising you and the message you have brought ﴾a plot [against you, O Muhammad]﴿ to invalidate your religion and cause you trouble?

﴾But it is those who disbelieve who will be outwitted﴿ that is, their plot will backfire and it is they who will be harmed by it. And Allah indeed brought that about - to Him be praise. The disbelievers did not spare any effort in their plot, but Allah supported His Prophet (ﷺ) and His religion against them and caused them to fail and be defeated.

﴾Or do they have a god other than Allah?﴿ That is, do they have a god that they call upon and hope will benefit them, and fear his harm, other than Allah Gg)?

﴾Glory be to Allah, [far exalted is He] above having the partners they ascribe to Him﴿ for He has no partner in His dominion, and no partner in His oneness or worship.

That is the point of the previous verses, namely to highlight the falseness of worshipping anything other than Allah, and to explain that doing so is false and wrong, on the basis of definitive evidence; that what the polytheists follow is false; and that the only One Who should be worshipped, prayed to, prostrated to and to Whom the supplication of worship and the supplication of asking should be offered sincerely is Allah, the only One Who is deserving of devotion and worship, Who is perfect in His names and attributes, Who possesses many superlative attributes and beautiful deeds, the Lord of majesty and munificence, the Almighty Who cannot be undermined, the One, the Unique, the Eternal, the Most Great, the Most Praiseworthy, the Most Glorious.

52:44. If they were to see pieces of the sky falling [on them], they would say: [This is nothing but] a mass of clouds.

52:45. So let them be until they encounter that day of theirs on which they will die,

52:46. the day when their plotting will avail them nothing, and they will not be helped.

Here Allah states that the polytheists who reject the clear truth have turned away from the truth and persisted in falsehood, and that even if all proof and evidence was established to support the truth, they would not follow it, and they would stubbornly oppose it and go against it:

﴾flf they were to see pieces of the sky falling [on them]﴿ that is, if clear evidence were to fall upon them from the sky in pieces - in other words, if large pieces of punishment were to fall upon them - ﴾they would say: [This is nothing but] a mass of clouds﴿ that is, this is just clouds piled up as usual. In other words, they do not pay attention to what they see of signs, and they do not learn anything from them.

There is no remedy for such people except punishment and chastisement. Hence Allah says: ﴾So let them be until they encounter that day of theirs on which they will die﴿, which is the Day of Resurrection, when they will be afflicted with inestimable and indescribable punishment and chastisement.

﴾the day when their plotting will avail them nothing﴿, small or great, even though in this world they may be able to survive for a short time by means of their plots. But on the Day of Resurrection, their plots will come to naught, their efforts will prove worthless and they will not be aided against the punishment of Allah, as He says: ﴾fand they will not be helped﴿.

(H-iVlj^JISj^)

52:47. Verily, for those who do wrong, there will be another punishment before that day comes. But most of them do not know.

52:48. Be patient with your Lord’s decree [O Muhammad], for verily you are under Our watchful eyes. And glorify and praise your Lord when you rise,

52:49. and glorify Him in the night and when the stars have set.

Having mentioned the punishment of the wrongdoers on the Day of Resurrection, Allah now tells us that they will be punished before that day; that includes punishment in this world by way of killing, capture, and expulsion from their homeland, as well as punishment in al-barzakh and in the grave.

﴾But most of them do not know﴿ that is, hence they persist in doing that which will incur punishment and a severe penalty.

Having highlighted the proof and evidence for the falseness of what the disbelievers say, Allah then instructed His Messenger (ﷺ) not to pay attention to them at all, and to show patience in accepting the universal and religious decrees of his Lord, by turning to Him and persisting in doing so. And Allah promised to suffice him, as He said: ﴾for verily you are under Our watchful eyes﴿ that is. We are watching over you and taking care of you.

Allah instructed him to seek help in being patient by remembering and worshipping Him: 4fAnd glorify and praise your Lord when you rise﴿ that is, at night.

This is a command to pray qiyam (voluntary night prayers) and the five daily obligatory prayers, based on the fact that Allah then says: ﴾fand glorify Him in the night and when the stars have set﴿ that is, at the end of the night; it also includes fajr prayer. And Allah knows best.

This is the end of the commentary on Soorat at-Toor.

All praise and thanks are for Allah, and may the blessings and peace of Allah be upon Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), his family, and his Companions abundantly until the Day of Judgement.