The Tafsīr of Sūrat Aṭ-Ṭūr, (Chapter - 52)

Which was revealed in Makkah

The Virtues of Sūrat Aṭ-Ṭūr

Mālik narrated that Jubayr bin Muṭ'im said, "I heard the Prophet ﷺ reciting Sūrat Aṭ-Ṭūr while praying Maghrib. Surely, I have never heard a more beautiful voice or recitation than his recitation."^{1Al-Muwaṭṭa' 1:78.} This Ḥadīth is recorded in the Two Ṣaḥīḥs using a chain of narration that includes Mālik.^{2Fatḥ Al-Bāri 2:289 and Muslim 1:338.} Al-Bukhāri recorded that Umm Salamah said, "I complained of being ill to the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ, and he said,

Ḥadīthطُوفِي مِنْ وَرَاءِ النَّاسِ وَأَنْتِ رَاكِبَةٌ

«Perform Ṭawāf (of the Ka'bah) behind the crowd, while you are riding.»

So, I performed Ṭawāf while the Messenger of Allāh was praying beside the House, reciting Aṭ-Ṭūr."^{3Fatḥ Al-Bāri 8:468.}

بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

In the Name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

Qur’an 52:1–16وَٱلطُّورِ وَكِتَٰبٍ مَّسْطُورٍ فِى رَقٍّ مَّنشُورٍ وَٱلْبَيْتِ ٱلْمَعْمُورِ وَٱلسَّقْفِ ٱلْمَرْفُوعِ وَٱلْبَحْرِ ٱلْمَسْجُورِ إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ لَوَٰقِعٌ مَّا لَهُۥ مِن دَافِعٍ يَوْمَ تَمُورُ ٱلسَّمَآءُ مَوْرًا وَتَسِيرُ ٱلْجِبَالُ سَيْرًا فَوَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ هُمْ فِى خَوْضٍ يَلْعَبُونَ يَوْمَ يُدَعُّونَ إِلَىٰ نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ دَعًّا هَٰذِهِ ٱلنَّارُ ٱلَّتِى كُنتُم بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ أَفَسِحْرٌ هَٰذَآ أَمْ أَنتُمْ لَا تُبْصِرُونَ ٱصْلَوْهَا فَٱصْبِرُوٓا۟ أَوْ لَا تَصْبِرُوا۟ سَوَآءٌ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنَّمَا تُجْزَوْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ

«1. By the Ṭūr»

«2. And the Book inscribed»

«3. In parchment unrolled.»

«4. And by Al-Bayt Al-Ma'mūr.»

«5. And the roof raised high.»

«6. And by the sea that is Masjūr.»

«7. Verily, the torment of your Lord will surely come to pass.»

«8. There is none that can avert it.»

«9. On the Day when Tamūr the heaven Mawr,»

«10. And Tasīr the mountains Sayr.»

«11. Then woe that Day to those who denied.»

«12. Those who were, in their falsehood, playing.»

«13. The Day when they will be pushed down by force to the fire of Hell, with a horrible, forceful pushing.»

«14. This is the Fire which you used to deny.»

«15. Is this magic or do you not see?»

«16. Enter therein and whether you are patient of it or impatient of it, it is all the same. You are only being requited for what you used to do.»

Allāh swears that the Coming of Torment is Near

Allāh swears by His creation, a testimony to His great ability, that His torment will surely befall His enemies; they will have no way of escaping it.

Aṭ-Ṭūr is the mount that has trees, similar to the mount where Allāh spoke to Mūsā, while Mūsā was on it, and the mount on which Allāh started the prophethood of 'Īsā. A mount that does not have trees is called Jabal, not Ṭūr. Allāh said,

Qur’an 52:2وَكِتَٰبٍ مَّسْطُورٍ

«And by the Book inscribed», it is said that it means Al-Lawḥ Al-Maḥfuẓ, (the Preserved Table). It is also said that is refers to the divinely revealed inscribed Books that people recite, and this is why Allāh said,

Qur’an 52:3–4فِى رَقٍّ مَّنشُورٍ وَٱلْبَيْتِ ٱلْمَعْمُورِ

«In parchment unrolled. And by Al-Bayt Al-Ma'mūr.»

In the Two Ṣaḥīḥs it is confirmed that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said in the Ḥadīth about Al-Isrā', after ascending to the seventh heaven:

Ḥadīthثُمَّ رُفِعَ بِي إِلَى الْبَيْتِ الْمَعْمُورِ، وَإِذَا هُوَ يَدْخُلُهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا، لَا يَعُودُونَ إِلَيْهِ آخِرَ مَا عَلَيْهِمْ

«Then, I was taken to Al-Bayt Al-Ma'mūr. It is visited every day by seventy thousand angels who will not come back to visit it again.»^{1Fatḥ Al-Bāri 6:349 and Muslim 1:150.}

The angels worship Allāh in Al-Bayt Al-Ma'mūr and perform Ṭawāf around it just as the people of the earth perform Ṭawāf around the Ka'bah. Al-Bayt Al-Ma'mūr is the Ka'bah of those who reside in the seventh heaven. During the Isrā' journey, the Prophet saw Ibrāhīm Al-Khalīl, who was reclining with his back on Al-Bayt Al-Ma'mūr. It was Ibrāhīm who built the Ka'bah on earth, and surely, the reward is compatible with the action.

Al-Bayt Al-Ma'mūr is parallel to the Ka'bah; every heaven has its own house of worship, which is also the direction of prayer for its residents. The house that is located in the lower heaven, is called Bayt Al-'Izzah. And Allāh knows best.

The statement of Allāh the Exalted,

Qur’an 52:5وَٱلسَّقْفِ ٱلْمَرْفُوعِ

«And by the roof raised high.» Sufyān Ath-Thawri, Shu'bah, and Abu Al-Aḥwaṣ, all narrated from Simāk, from Khālid bin 'Ar'arah, from 'Ali bin Abi Ṭālib:

Qur’an 52:5وَٱلسَّقْفِ ٱلْمَرْفُوعِ

«And by the roof raised high» "Meaning the heaven." Sufyān added, "Then 'Ali recited,

Qur’an 21:32وَجَعَلْنَا ٱلسَّمَآءَ سَقْفًا مَّحْفُوظًا وَهُمْ عَنْ ءَايَٰتِهَا مُعْرِضُونَ

«And We have made the heaven a roof, safe and well-guarded. Yet they turn away from its signs.»(21:32)"^{2Aṭ-Ṭabari 22:257-258.} Similar was said by Mujāhid, Qatādah, As-Suddi, Ibn Jurayj, Ibn Zayd and preferred by Ibn Jarīr.^{3Aṭ-Ṭabari 22:458.}

The statement of Allāh the Exalted,

Qur’an 52:6وَٱلْبَحْرِ ٱلْمَسْجُورِ

«And by the sea that is Masjūr.» The majority say it refers to the oceans of the earth. Masjūr, means, the sea will be kindled with fire on the Day of Resurrection just as Allāh said in another Āyah,

Qur’an 81:6وَإِذَا ٱلْبِحَارُ سُجِّرَتْ

«And when the seas become as blazing fire.»(81:6)

i.e., it will be kindled with fire and become a raging fire that surrounds the people in the gathering area, this was reported by Sa'īd bin Al-Musayyib from 'Ali bin Abi Ṭālib.^{4Aṭ-Ṭabari 22:458.}

It was also reported from Ibn 'Abbās, and it is the view of Sa'īd bin Jubayr, Mujāhid, 'Abdullāh bin 'Ubayd bin 'Umayr and others. Qatādah said, "Masjūr is the 'filled sea.'" Ibn Jarīr preferred this explanation saying, "The sea is not lit with fire now, so it is filled."

Allāh's statement;

Qur’an 52:7إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ لَوَٰقِعٌ

«Verily, the torment of your Lord will surely come to pass.» contains the subject of the vow, indicating that His torment will surely strike the disbelievers, as Allāh stated in another Āyah;

Qur’an 52:8مَّا لَهُۥ مِن دَافِعٍ

«There is none that can avert it.» indicating that when Allāh decides to send the torment upon them, none can prevent it or stop it from striking them.

Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abu Bakr Ibn Abi Ad-Dunyā recorded that Ja'far bin Zayd Al-'Abdi said, "One night, in Al-Madīnah, 'Umar went out investigating the welfare of Muslims and passed by the house of a man who was standing in voluntary prayer. 'Umar stood quietly, listening to his recitation; the man was reciting,

Qur’an 52:1وَٱلطُّورِ

«By Aṭ-Ṭūr», until he reached the Āyah,

Qur’an 52:7–8إِنَّ عَذَابَ رَبِّكَ لَوَٰقِعٌ مَّا لَهُۥ مِن دَافِعٍ

«Verily, the torment of your Lord will surely come to pass. There is none that can avert it.»

'Umar said, 'By the Lord of the Ka'bah, this is a true vow.' 'Umar dismounted his donkey and sat next to a wall for a while. He then went back to his house and fell ill for a month. During his illness, the people would visit him, not knowing what caused his illness." May Allāh be pleased with 'Umar.

Describing the Day of Torment, the Day of Resurrection

Allāh said;

Qur’an 52:9يَوْمَ تَمُورُ ٱلسَّمَآءُ مَوْرًا

«On the Day when Tamūr the heaven Mawr»

Ibn 'Abbās and Qatādah said: "Shaking violently."^{5Aṭ-Ṭabari 22:462.} Also from Ibn 'Abbās, "Split." Mujāhid said: "Spin violently." Aḍ-Ḍaḥḥāk commented on the Āyah, saying, "The earth will violently spin and move by the command of Allāh, and its areas will violently move towards each other."^{6Aṭ-Ṭabari 22:362.} This was preferred by Ibn Jarīr, because of the meaning of the word, Mawra, which denotes meanings of spinning and shaking. Allāh said,

Qur’an 52:10وَتَسِيرُ ٱلْجِبَالُ سَيْرًا

«And Tasīr the mountains will Sayr.»

will fade away and become scattered particles of dust blown away by the wind,

Qur’an 52:11فَوَيْلٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِّلْمُكَذِّبِينَ

«Then woe that Day to those who denied», woe to them that Day as a result of Allāh's torment, punishment and affliction that He will direct at them,

Qur’an 52:12ٱلَّذِينَ هُمْ فِى خَوْضٍ يَلْعَبُونَ

«Those who were in their falsehood, playing.»

meaning, they live in this life in falsehood and make the religion the subject of their mockery and jest,

Qur’an 52:13يَوْمَ يُدَعُّونَ

«The Day when they will be pushed down by force»

meaning, they will be violently driven and shoved,

Qur’an 52:13إِلَىٰ نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ دَعًّا

«to the fire of Hell, with a horrible, forceful pushing.»

Mujāhid, Ash-Sha'bi, Muḥammad bin Ka'b, Aḍ-Ḍaḥḥāk, As-Suddi and Ath-Thawri said that this Āyah means, "They will be violently shoved into the Fire."^{7Aṭ-Ṭabari 22:464 and Ad-Durr Al-Manthūr 7:631.} Allāh said,

Qur’an 52:14هَٰذِهِ ٱلنَّارُ ٱلَّتِى كُنتُم بِهَا تُكَذِّبُونَ

«This is the Fire, which you used to deny.» meaning, the angels of punishment will say these words to them, while admonishing and chastising them,

Qur’an 52:15–16أَفَسِحْرٌ هَٰذَآ أَمْ أَنتُمْ لَا تُبْصِرُونَ ٱصْلَوْهَا

«Is this magic or do you not see? Enter therein»

meaning, enter the Fire, 'which will encircle you from every direction,'

Qur’an 52:16فَٱصْبِرُوٓا۟ أَوْ لَا تَصْبِرُوا۟ سَوَآءٌ عَلَيْكُمْ

«and whether you are patient of it or impatient of it, it is all the same.»

'whether you endure its torment and afflictions or not, you will never avert it or be saved from it,'

Qur’an 52:16إِنَّمَا تُجْزَوْنَ مَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ

«You are only being requited for what you used to do.»

and surely, Allāh is never unjust with anyone. Most certainly, Allāh recompenses each according to their deeds.

Qur’an 52:17–20إِنَّ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ فِى جَنَّٰتٍ وَنَعِيمٍ فَٰكِهِينَ بِمَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ وَوَقَىٰهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ عَذَابَ ٱلْجَحِيمِ كُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ هَنِيٓـًٔۢا بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ مُتَّكِـِٔينَ عَلَىٰ سُرُرٍ مَّصْفُوفَةٍ وَزَوَّجْنَٰهُم بِحُورٍ عِينٍ

«17. Verily, those who have Taqwā will be in Gardens and Delight.» «18. Enjoying in that which their Lord has bestowed on them, and (the fact that) their Lord saved them from the torment of the blazing Fire.» «19. "Eat and drink with happiness because of what you used to do."»

«20. They will recline on thrones Masfufah. And We shall marry them to Ḥūr (fair females) with wide lovely eyes.»

Description of the Destination of the Happy

Allāh the Exalted described the destination of the happy ones,

Qur’an 52:17إِنَّ ٱلْمُتَّقِينَ فِى جَنَّٰتٍ وَنَعِيمٍ

«Verily, those who have Taqwā will be in Gardens and Delight.»

in contrast to the torment and punishment of the miserable;

Qur’an 52:18فَٰكِهِينَ بِمَآ ءَاتَىٰهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ

«Enjoying in that which their Lord has bestowed on them,» meaning, enjoying the various types of delight that Allāh has granted them therein, such as various types of foods, drinks, clothes, dwelling places, mounts, and so forth,

Qur’an 52:18وَوَقَىٰهُمْ رَبُّهُمْ عَذَابَ ٱلْجَحِيمِ

«and (the fact that) their Lord saved them from the torment of the blazing Fire.»

He saved them from the torment of the Fire, which is a bounty itself. Added to this blessing is the fact that they were entered into Paradise, which has delights that no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard, nor has a heart ever imagined. The statement of Allāh the Exalted,

Qur’an 52:19كُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ هَنِيٓـًٔۢا بِمَا كُنتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ

«"Eat and drink with happiness because of what you used to do"»

is similar to another of His statements,

Qur’an 69:24كُلُوا۟ وَٱشْرَبُوا۟ هَنِيٓـًٔۢا بِمَآ أَسْلَفْتُمْ فِى ٱلْأَيَّامِ ٱلْخَالِيَةِ

«Eat and drink at ease for that which you have sent on before you in days past!»(69:24)

meaning this is the just reward for your deeds; surely, all this is a favor from Allāh and a reward from Him. Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:20مُتَّكِـِٔينَ عَلَىٰ سُرُرٍ مَّصْفُوفَةٍ

«They will recline (with ease) on thrones Maṣfūfah.»

Ath-Thawri reported from Ḥuṣayn, from Mujāhid, from Ibn 'Abbās: "Thrones in howdahs." And the meaning of,

«Maṣfūfah» is they will be facing each other,

Qur’anعَلَىٰ سُرُرٍ مُّتَقَٰبِلِينَ

«Facing one another on thrones.»(37:44) Allāh said next,

Qur’an 52:20وَزَوَّجْنَٰهُم بِحُورٍ عِينٍ

«And We shall marry them to Ḥūr (fair females) with wide lovely eyes.» We made for them righteous spouses, beautiful wives from Al-Ḥur Al-'Ayn. We mentioned the description of Al-Ḥur Al-'Ayn in several other places in this Tafsīr, and therefore, it is not necessary to repeat their description here.^{1See the Tafsīr of Sūrat Ar-Raḥmān (55:56 and 72) and Aṣ-Ṣāffāt (37:48-49), and Ad-Dukhān (44:54).}

Qur’an 52:21–28وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَٱتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُم بِإِيمَٰنٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَمَآ أَلَتْنَٰهُم مِّنْ عَمَلِهِم مِّن شَىْءٍ كُلُّ ٱمْرِئٍۭ بِمَا كَسَبَ رَهِينٌ وَأَمْدَدْنَٰهُم بِفَٰكِهَةٍ وَلَحْمٍ مِّمَّا يَشْتَهُونَ يَتَنَٰزَعُونَ فِيهَا كَأْسًا لَّا لَغْوٌ فِيهَا وَلَا تَأْثِيمٌ وَيَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِمْ غِلْمَانٌ لَّهُمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لُؤْلُؤٌ مَّكْنُونٌ وَأَقْبَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ قَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّا كُنَّا قَبْلُ فِىٓ أَهْلِنَا مُشْفِقِينَ فَمَنَّ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا وَوَقَىٰنَا عَذَابَ ٱلسَّمُومِ إِنَّا كُنَّا مِن قَبْلُ نَدْعُوهُ إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلْبَرُّ ٱلرَّحِيمُ

«21. And those who believe and whose offspring follow them in faith, - to them shall We join their offspring, and We shall not decrease the reward of their deeds in anything. Every person is a pledge for that which he has earned.»

«22. And We shall provide them with fruit and meat such as they desire.»

«23. There they shall pass from hand to hand a cup, free from any idle talk, and free from sin.»

«24. And there will go round boy-servants of theirs, to serve them as if they were preserved pearls.»

«25. And some of them draw near to others, questioning.»

«26. Saying: "Aforetime, we were afraid in the midst of our families."»

«27. "So Allāh has been gracious to us, and has saved us from the torment of the Fire."»

«28. "Verily, We used to invoke Him before. Verily, He is the Most Subtle, the Most Merciful."»

The Offspring of Righteous Believers will be elevated to Their Grades in Paradise

In this Āyah, Allāh the Exalted affirms His favor, generosity, graciousness, compassion and beneficence towards His creation. When the offspring of the righteous believers imitate their parents regarding faith, Allāh will elevate the latter to the ranks of the former, even though the latter did not perform deeds as goodly as their parents. Allāh will comfort the eyes of the parents by seeing their offspring elevated to their grades. Surely, Allāh will gather them together in the best manner, and He will not decrease the reward or the grades of those higher in rank for joining them together, hence His statement,

Qur’an 52:21أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَمَآ أَلَتْنَٰهُم مِّنْ عَمَلِهِم مِّن شَىْءٍ

«to them shall We join their offspring, and We shall not decrease the reward of their deeds in anything.»

Ath-Thawri reported that Ibn 'Abbās said, "Verily, Allāh elevates the ranks of the believers' offspring to rank of their parents, even though the latter have not performed as well as the former, so that the eyes of the parents are comforted." Ibn 'Abbās then recited this Āyah,

Qur’an 52:21وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَٱتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُم بِإِيمَٰنٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ وَمَآ أَلَتْنَٰهُم مِّنْ عَمَلِهِم مِّن شَىْءٍ

«And those who believe and whose offspring follow them in faith, - to them shall We join their offspring, and We shall not decrease the reward of their deeds in anything.»^{1Tafsīr Ath-Thawri 283.}

Ibn Jarīr and Ibn Abi Ḥātim recorded this statement from Sufyān Ath-Thawri from Ibn 'Abbās.^{2Aṭ-Ṭabari 22:467.} Ibn Abi Ḥātim also recorded that Ibn 'Abbās commented on Allāh's statement,

Qur’an 52:21وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَٱتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُم بِإِيمَٰنٍ أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّتَهُمْ

«And those who believe and whose offspring follow them in faith, - to them shall We join their offspring.»

saying, "They are the offspring of the believers who died on the faith. If the ranks of their parents are higher than their ranks, they will be joined with their parents. No part of the reward their parents received for their good deeds will be reduced for them."

'Abdullāh, son of Imām Aḥmad, recorded that 'Ali said, "Khadījah asked the Prophet ﷺ about two of her children who died during the time of Jāhiliyyah, and the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said;

Ḥadīthهُمَا فِي النَّارِ

«They are both in the Fire.»

When he saw sadness on her face, he said,

Ḥadīthلَوْ رَأَيْتِ مَكَانَهُمَا لَأَبْغَضْتِهِمَا

«If you saw their dwelling place, you would hate them.»

She said, 'O Allāh's Messenger! What about my children with you.' He said,

«فِي الْجَنَّةِ»

«They are in Paradise.» The Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said,

Ḥadīthإِنَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَأَوْلَادَهُمْ فِي النَّارِ

«Verily, the believers and their offspring will dwell in Paradise, while the idolators and their offspring will dwell in the Hellfire.»

The Prophet ﷺ then recited the Āyah,

Qur’an 52:21وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَٱتَّبَعَتْهُمْ ذُرِّيَّتُهُم بِإِيمَٰنٍ

«And those who believe and whose offspring follow them in faith...»^{3Aḥmad 1:135. This is a weak Ḥadīth according to the majority of the scholars.}

Certainly, it is Allāh's grace and favor that He grants the children this blessing because of the good deeds of their parents. He also grants His favor to parents on account of their offspring invoking Allāh for them. Imām Aḥmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allāh be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said,

Ḥadīthإِنَّ اللهَ لَيَرْفَعُ الدَّرَجَةَ لِلْعَبْدِ الصَّالِحِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ فَيَقُولُ: يَا رَبِّ أَنَّى لِي هٰذِهِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: بِاسْتِغْفَارِ وَلَدِكَ لَكَ

«Verily, Allāh shall elevate the grade of a righteous servant in Paradise, who will ask, "O Lord! How did I earn this?" Allāh will reply, "Through your son's invoking Me to forgive you."»^{4Aḥmad 2:509.}

This Ḥadīth has an authentic chain of narration, but it was not recorded in the Ṣaḥīḥ this way. However, there is a witnessing narration for it in Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, from the Ḥadīth of Abu Hurayrah, who said that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said,

Ḥadīthإِذَا مَاتَ ابْنُ آدَمَ انْقَطَعَ عَمَلُهُ إِلَّا مِنْ ثَلَاثٍ: صَدَقَةٍ جَارِيَةٍ، أَوْ عِلْمٍ يُنْتَفَعُ بِهِ، أَوْ وَلَدٍ صَالِحٍ يَدْعُو لَهُ

«When the Son of Ādam dies, his record of deeds will cease except in three cases: an ongoing charity, knowledge that people are benefiting from and a righteous son who invokes Allāh for him.»^{5Muslim 3:1255.}

Allāh is Just with the Sinners

Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:21كُلُّ ٱمْرِئٍۭ بِمَا كَسَبَ رَهِينٌ

«Every person is a pledge for that which he has earned.»

After Allāh mentioned His favor of elevating the offspring to the ranks of their parents, even though the deeds of the former did not qualify them, He affirmed His fairness in that, He does not punish anyone for the mistakes of others,

Qur’an 52:21كُلُّ ٱمْرِئٍۭ بِمَا كَسَبَ رَهِينٌ

«Every person is a pledge for that which he has earned.»

Therefore, every person will be responsible for his actions. No sin committed by others shall ever be added to one's load, even if committed by his or her parents or offspring. Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 74:38–41كُلُّ نَفْسٍۭ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ إِلَّآ أَصْحَٰبَ ٱلْيَمِينِ فِى جَنَّٰتٍ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ عَنِ ٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ

«Every person is a pledge for what he has earned, except those on the Right. In Gardens, they will ask one another about the criminals.»(74:38-41)

Description of the Khamr of Paradise and the Delight of its Dwellers

Allāh said,

Qur’an 52:22وَأَمْدَدْنَٰهُم بِفَٰكِهَةٍ وَلَحْمٍ مِّمَّا يَشْتَهُونَ

«And We shall provide them with fruit and meat such as they desire.»

meaning, 'We shall provide them with various types and kinds of fruits and meat, whatever they wish for and desire,'

Qur’an 52:23يَتَنَٰزَعُونَ فِيهَا كَأْسًا

«There they shall pass from hand to hand a cup,»

meaning, of wine, according to Aḍ-Ḍaḥḥāk,

Qur’an 52:23لَّا لَغْوٌ فِيهَا وَلَا تَأْثِيمٌ

«free from any Laghw, and free from Ta'thīm»

meaning, when they drink, they do not say any idle, vain words or utter dirty, sinful speech like the drunken people in this life do. Ibn 'Abbās said that Laghw means 'falsehood' while Ta'thīm means 'lying'.^{6Aṭ-Ṭabari :22 :474.} Mujāhid said, "They do not curse each other nor sin." Qatādah said, "These were the consequences of drinking in this life, and Shayṭān helped in this regard. Allāh purified the wine of the Hereafter from the ills and harm caused by the wine of this life."^{7Aṭ-Ṭabari 22 :474.} Therefore, Allāh has purified the wine of the Hereafter from causing headaches, stomachaches and intoxication like the wine of this life. Allāh stated that wine of the Hereafter shall not cause those who drink it to utter false, vain words that carry no benefit, full of foolishness and evil. Allāh also described the wine of the Hereafter as beautiful in appearance, tasty and fruitful,

Qur’an 37:46–47بَيْضَآءَ لَذَّةٍ لِّلشَّٰرِبِينَ لَا فِيهَا غَوْلٌ وَلَا هُمْ عَنْهَا يُنزَفُونَ

«White, delicious to the drinkers. Neither will they have Ghawl from that nor will they suffer intoxication therefrom.»(37:46-47) and,

Qur’an 56:19لَّا يُصَدَّعُونَ عَنْهَا وَلَا يُنزِفُونَ

«Wherefrom they will get neither nay aching of the head nor any intoxication.» (56:19)

Allāh the Exalted said here,

Qur’an 52:23يَتَنَٰزَعُونَ فِيهَا كَأْسًا لَّا لَغْوٌ فِيهَا وَلَا تَأْثِيمٌ

«There they shall pass from hand to hand a (wine) cup, free from any Laghw, and free from sin.»

Allāh said,

Qur’an 52:24وَيَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِمْ غِلْمَانٌ لَّهُمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لُؤْلُؤٌ مَّكْنُونٌ

«And there will go round boy-servants of theirs to serve them as if they were preserved pearls.»

This is a description of the servants and aids, the believers will have in Paradise. Their servants will be beautiful, graceful in appearance, clean and neat as well-preserved pearls,

Qur’an 56:17–18يَطُوفُ عَلَيْهِمْ وِلْدَٰنٌ مُّخَلَّدُونَ بِأَكْوَابٍ وَأَبَارِيقَ وَكَأْسٍ مِّن مَّعِينٍ

«Immortal boys will go around them with cups, and jugs, and a glass of flowing wine.» (56:17-18)

Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:25وَأَقْبَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ

«And some of them draw near to others, questioning.»

meaning, the believers will draw near to each other talking and remembering their actions and conditions in this life, just as people in this life talk while drinking, especially when they become intoxicated,

Qur’an 52:26قَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّا كُنَّا قَبْلُ فِىٓ أَهْلِنَا مُشْفِقِينَ

«Saying: "Aforetime, we were afraid in the midst of our families."»

meaning, 'in the life of world and in the midst of our families, we were afraid of our Lord and fearful of His torment and punishment,'

Qur’an 52:32–49أَمْ تَأْمُرُهُمْ أَحْلَٰمُهُم بِهَٰذَآ أَمْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ طَاغُونَ أَمْ يَقُولُونَ تَقَوَّلَهُۥ بَل لَّا يُؤْمِنُونَ فَلْيَأْتُوا۟ بِحَدِيثٍ مِّثْلِهِۦٓ إِن كَانُوا۟ صَٰدِقِينَ أَمْ خُلِقُوا۟ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَىْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ ٱلْخَٰلِقُونَ أَمْ خَلَقُوا۟ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ بَل لَّا يُوقِنُونَ أَمْ عِندَهُمْ خَزَآئِنُ رَبِّكَ أَمْ هُمُ ٱلْمُصَۣيْطِرُونَ أَمْ لَهُمْ سُلَّمٌ يَسْتَمِعُونَ فِيهِ فَلْيَأْتِ مُسْتَمِعُهُم بِسُلْطَٰنٍ مُّبِينٍ أَمْ لَهُ ٱلْبَنَٰتُ وَلَكُمُ ٱلْبَنُونَ أَمْ تَسْـَٔلُهُمْ أَجْرًا فَهُم مِّن مَّغْرَمٍ مُّثْقَلُونَ أَمْ عِندَهُمُ ٱلْغَيْبُ فَهُمْ يَكْتُبُونَ أَمْ يُرِيدُونَ كَيْدًا فَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ هُمُ ٱلْمَكِيدُونَ أَمْ لَهُمْ إِلَٰهٌ غَيْرُ ٱللَّهِ سُبْحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ وَإِن يَرَوْا۟ كِسْفًا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ سَاقِطًا يَقُولُوا۟ سَحَابٌ مَّرْكُومٌ فَذَرْهُمْ حَتَّىٰ يُلَٰقُوا۟ يَوْمَهُمُ ٱلَّذِى فِيهِ يُصْعَقُونَ يَوْمَ لَا يُغْنِى عَنْهُمْ كَيْدُهُمْ شَيْـًٔا وَلَا هُمْ يُنصَرُونَ وَإِنَّ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ عَذَابًا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ وَٱصْبِرْ لِحُكْمِ رَبِّكَ فَإِنَّكَ بِأَعْيُنِنَا وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ وَمِنَ ٱلَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْهُ وَإِدْبَٰرَ ٱلنُّجُومِ

Qur’an 52:27فَمَنَّ ٱللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا وَوَقَىٰنَا عَذَابَ ٱلسَّمُومِ

«So Allāh has been gracious to us, and has saved us from the tor-ment of the Fire.» meaning, 'He has granted us a favor and saved us from what we feared,'

Qur’an 52:28إِنَّا كُنَّا مِن قَبْلُ نَدْعُوهُ

«Verily, We used to invoke Him before.» meaning, 'we used to invoke Him with sub-mission and humility, and He accepted our invocation and gave us what we wished,'

Qur’an 52:28إِنَّهُۥ هُوَ ٱلْبَرُّ ٱلرَّحِيمُ

«Verily, He is the Most Subtle, the Most Merciful.»

Qur’an 52:29–34فَذَكِّرْ فَمَآ أَنتَ بِنِعْمَتِ رَبِّكَ بِكَاهِنٍ وَلَا مَجْنُونٍ أَمْ يَقُولُونَ شَاعِرٌ نَّتَرَبَّصُ بِهِۦ رَيْبَ ٱلْمَنُونِ قُلْ تَرَبَّصُوا۟ فَإِنِّى مَعَكُم مِّنَ ٱلْمُتَرَبِّصِينَ أَمْ تَأْمُرُهُمْ أَحْلَٰمُهُم بِهَٰذَآ أَمْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ طَاغُونَ أَمْ يَقُولُونَ تَقَوَّلَهُۥ بَل لَّا يُؤْمِنُونَ فَلْيَأْتُوا۟ بِحَدِيثٍ مِّثْلِهِۦٓ إِن كَانُوا۟ صَٰدِقِينَ

«29. Therefore, remind. By the grace of Allāh, you are neither a Kāhin nor a madman.»

«30. Or do they say: "A poet! We await for him some calamity by time!"»

«31. Say: "Wait! I am with you among those who wait!"»

«32. Or do their minds command them this or are they people transgressing all bounds?»

«33. Or do they say: "He has forged it?" Nay! They believe not!»

«34. Let them then produce a recitation like unto it if they are truthful.»

Absolving the Prophet ﷺ of the False Accusations the Idolators made against Him

Allāh the Exalted commands His Messenger ﷺ to convey His Message to His servants and remind them of His revelation that has been sent down to him. Next, Allāh refutes the false accusations that the liars and sinners accused the Prophet ﷺ of,

Qur’an 52:29فَذَكِّرْ فَمَآ أَنتَ بِنِعْمَتِ رَبِّكَ بِكَاهِنٍ وَلَا مَجْنُونٍ

«Therefore, remind. By the grace of Allāh, you are neither a Kāhin nor a madman.»

Allāh says, 'by the grace of Allāh, you, O Muḥammad, are not a Kāhin, as the ignorant Quraysh idolators claim.' A Kāhin is the soothsayer who receives information from the Jinns that the Jinns are able to eavesdrop on news from heaven,

Qur’an 52:29وَلَا مَجْنُونٍ

«nor a madman» whom Shayṭān has possessed with insanity. Allāh the Exalted said, while chastising the pagans for uttering false statements about the Prophet ﷺ,

Qur’an 52:30أَمْ يَقُولُونَ شَاعِرٌ نَّتَرَبَّصُ بِهِۦ رَيْبَ ٱلْمَنُونِ

«Or do they say: "A poet! We await for him some calamity by time!"»

They said, 'We await a disaster to strike him, for example, death. We will be patient with him until death comes to him and we, thus, get rid of his bother and from his Message.' Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:31قُلْ تَرَبَّصُوا۟ فَإِنِّى مَعَكُم مِّنَ ٱلْمُتَرَبِّصِينَ

«Say: "Wait! I am with you among those who wait!"»

'wait and I too will wait with you, and you will come to know to whom the good end and triumph shall be granted in this life and the Hereafter.' Muḥammad bin Isḥāq reported that 'Abdullāh bin Abi Najīḥ said that Mujāhid said that Ibn 'Abbās said, "When the Quraysh gathered in the Dār An-Nadwah (their meeting place) to discuss the matter of the Prophet, one of them said, 'Jail him in chains. Then we will wait and in time, a calamity will strike him; he will die just as the poets before him died, such as Zuhayr and An-Nābighah, for he is a poet just like them.' Allāh the Exalted said in response to their statement,

Qur’an 52:30أَمْ يَقُولُونَ شَاعِرٌ نَّتَرَبَّصُ بِهِۦ رَيْبَ ٱلْمَنُونِ

«Or do they say: "A poet! We await for him some calamity by time!"»^{1Aṭ-Ṭabari 22 :479, Sīrah Ibn Hishām 1 :480-482, and it is an unauthentic narration. For the complete story see volume four, the Tafsīr of Sūrat Al-Anfāl (8 :30).}

Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:32أَمْ تَأْمُرُهُمْ أَحْلَٰمُهُم بِهَٰذَآ

«Or do their minds command them this», 'do their minds command them to tell these lies against you (O Muḥammad), even though they know in their hearts that they are untrue and false,'

Qur’an 52:32أَمْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ طَاغُونَ

«or are they people transgressing all bounds?»

'surely, they are misguided, stubborn and unjust people, and this is why they say what they say about you (O Muḥammad).' Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:33أَمْ يَقُولُونَ تَقَوَّلَهُۥ

«Or do they say: "He has forged it?"»

They said, 'he has forged this Qur'ān and brought it from his own.' Allāh the Exalted responded to them,

Qur’an 52:33بَل لَّا يُؤْمِنُونَ

«Nay! They believe not!», meaning, their disbelief drives them to utter these statements,

Qur’an 52:34فَلْيَأْتُوا۟ بِحَدِيثٍ مِّثْلِهِۦٓ إِن كَانُوا۟ صَٰدِقِينَ

«Let them then produce a recitation like unto it if they are truthful.»

meaning, if they are truthful in their statement that Muḥammad ﷺ has forged this Qur'ān and brought it of his own, then let them produce something similar to what he has brought forth, as in this Qur'ān! And even if they combine their strength to that of the people of the earth, Jinns and mankind alike, they will never produce something like the Qur'ān, or ten Sūrahs like it, or even one Sūrah!

Qur’an 52:35–43أَمْ خُلِقُوا۟ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَىْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ ٱلْخَٰلِقُونَ أَمْ خَلَقُوا۟ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ بَل لَّا يُوقِنُونَ أَمْ عِندَهُمْ خَزَآئِنُ رَبِّكَ أَمْ هُمُ ٱلْمُصَۣيْطِرُونَ أَمْ لَهُمْ سُلَّمٌ يَسْتَمِعُونَ فِيهِ فَلْيَأْتِ مُسْتَمِعُهُم بِسُلْطَٰنٍ مُّبِينٍ أَمْ لَهُ ٱلْبَنَٰتُ وَلَكُمُ ٱلْبَنُونَ أَمْ تَسْـَٔلُهُمْ أَجْرًا فَهُم مِّن مَّغْرَمٍ مُّثْقَلُونَ أَمْ عِندَهُمُ ٱلْغَيْبُ فَهُمْ يَكْتُبُونَ أَمْ يُرِيدُونَ كَيْدًا فَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ هُمُ ٱلْمَكِيدُونَ أَمْ لَهُمْ إِلَٰهٌ غَيْرُ ٱللَّهِ سُبْحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ

«35. Or were they created by nothing? Or were they themselves the creators?»

«36. Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Nay, but they have no firm belief.»

«37. Or are with them the treasures of your Lord? Or are they the tyrants with the authority to do as they like?»

«38. Or have they a stairway (to heaven), by means of which they listen? Then let their listener produce some manifest proof.»

«39. Or has He only daughters and you have sons?»

«40. Or is it that you ask a wage from them so that they are burdened with a load of debt?»

«41. Or that the Unseen is with them, and they write it down?»

«42. Or do they intend a plot? But those who disbelieve are themselves plotted against!»

«43. Or have they a god other than Allāh? Glorified be Allāh from all that they ascribe as partners.»

Affirming Tawḥīd and annulling the Plots of the Idolators

This is the position where Tawḥīd of Allāh's Lordship and Divinity are affirmed. Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:35أَمْ خُلِقُوا۟ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَىْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ ٱلْخَٰلِقُونَ

«Or were they created by nothing? Or were they themselves the creators?»

Allāh asks them, were they created without a maker or did they create themselves? Neither is true. Allāh is the One Who created them and brought them into existence after they were nothing. Al-Bukhāri recorded that Jubayr bin Muṭ'im said, "I heard the Prophet ﷺ recite Sūrat Aṭ-Ṭūr in Al-Maghrib prayer and when he reached this Āyah,

Qur’an 52:35–37أَمْ خُلِقُوا۟ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَىْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ ٱلْخَٰلِقُونَ أَمْ خَلَقُوا۟ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ بَل لَّا يُوقِنُونَ أَمْ عِندَهُمْ خَزَآئِنُ رَبِّكَ أَمْ هُمُ ٱلْمُصَۣيْطِرُونَ

«Or were they created by nothing? Or were they themselves the creators? Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Nay, but they have no firm belief. Or are with them the treasures of your Lord? Or are they the tyrants with the authority to do as they like?», I felt my heart would fly away."^{1Fatḥ Al-Bāri 8:469.}

This Ḥadīth is collected in the Two Ṣaḥīḥs using various chains of narration.^{2Fatḥ Al-Bāri 2:289, 6:194 and 7:375 and Muslim 3:338 and 339.} Jubayr bin Muṭ'im went to the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ after the battle of Badr to ransom the captured idolators. At that time, he was still an idolator. Hearing the Prophet ﷺ recite this Āyah was one of the reasons that he later embraced Islām. Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:36أَمْ خَلَقُوا۟ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ بَل لَّا يُوقِنُونَ

«Or did they create the heavens and the earth? Nay, but they have no firm belief.»

meaning, Allāh is censuring the idolators for their idolatry, while asking them if they created the heavens and earth. They knew that Allāh Alone is the Creator without partners with Him. However, they fell into idolatry because they had no firm belief,

Qur’an 52:37أَمْ عِندَهُمْ خَزَآئِنُ رَبِّكَ أَمْ هُمُ ٱلْمُصَۣيْطِرُونَ

«Or are with them the treasures of your Lord? Or are they the tyrants with the authority to do as they like?»

meanings, do they have the authority to do whatever they will in His kingdom? Do they hold the keys to His treasures in their hands?

Qur’an 52:37أَمْ هُمُ ٱلْمُصَۣيْطِرُونَ

«or are they the tyrants with the authority to do as they like?»

meanings, are they the tyrants who would hold the creation to account? Never, Allāh the Exalted and Most Honored is the Only King and Owner of the existence and He does what He wills.

Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:38أَمْ لَهُمْ سُلَّمٌ يَسْتَمِعُونَ فِيهِ

«Or have they a stairway, by means of which they listen.﴿ .

meaning, do they have a stairway to heaven (to the place where the angels are),

Qur’an 52:38فَلْيَأْتِ مُسْتَمِعُهُم بِسُلْطَٰنٍ مُّبِينٍ

«Then let their listener produce some manifest proof.»

meaning, let their listener produce evidence to the truth of their actions and statements. They will never be able to do so and therefore, they have nothing and have no evidence for their stance. Allāh admonishes them regarding their claim that He has daughters and that the angels are females! The pagans chose for themselves male offspring and preferred them instead of females, and when one of them would be brought the good news of a daughter being born, his face would turn dark on account of his suppressed anger! Yet, they made the angels Allāh's daughters and worshipped them besides Allāh,

Qur’an 52:39أَمْ لَهُ ٱلْبَنَٰتُ وَلَكُمُ ٱلْبَنُونَ

«Or has He only daughters and you have sons?»

Allāh sends a strong warning and stern admonition to them in this Āyah and a sure promise. Allāh said,

Qur’an 52:40أَمْ تَسْـَٔلُهُمْ أَجْرًا

«Or is it that you ask a wage from them» meaning, 'as a remuneration for your preaching Allāh's Message to them? Nay, you, do not ask them for a wage,'

Qur’an 52:40فَهُم مِّن مَّغْرَمٍ مُّثْقَلُونَ

«so that they are burdened with a load of debt?», meaning, for in this situation, one will complain of the least bothersome thing and feel it difficult and burdensome for him,

Qur’an 52:41أَمْ عِندَهُمُ ٱلْغَيْبُ فَهُمْ يَكْتُبُونَ

«Or that the Unseen is with them, and they write it down?» means, they do not have knowledge of the Unseen, for none in the heavens or earth knows the Unseen except Allāh,

Qur’an 52:42أَمْ يُرِيدُونَ كَيْدًا فَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ هُمُ ٱلْمَكِيدُونَ

«Or do they intend a plot? But those who disbelieve are themselves plotted against!» Allāh the Exalted is asking, 'Do these people who utter such statements about the Messenger and his religion seek to deceive the people and plot against the Messenger and his Companions? If they do, then let them know that their plots will only harm them. Therefore, they are being plotted against rather than being the plotters!'

Qur’an 52:43أَمْ لَهُمْ إِلَٰهٌ غَيْرُ ٱللَّهِ سُبْحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ

«Or have they a god other than Allāh? Glorified be Allāh from all that they ascribe as partners (to Him).» This Āyah contains harsh refutation directed at the idolators for worshipping the idols and calling upon rivals along with Allāh. Allāh next glorifies His Most Honorable Self from what they ascribe to Him, their lies and idolatry,

Qur’an 52:43سُبْحَٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ

«Glorified be Allāh from all that they ascribe as partners (to Him).»

Qur’an 52:44–49وَإِن يَرَوْا۟ كِسْفًا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ سَاقِطًا يَقُولُوا۟ سَحَابٌ مَّرْكُومٌ فَذَرْهُمْ حَتَّىٰ يُلَٰقُوا۟ يَوْمَهُمُ ٱلَّذِى فِيهِ يُصْعَقُونَ يَوْمَ لَا يُغْنِى عَنْهُمْ كَيْدُهُمْ شَيْـًٔا وَلَا هُمْ يُنصَرُونَ وَإِنَّ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ عَذَابًا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ وَٱصْبِرْ لِحُكْمِ رَبِّكَ فَإِنَّكَ بِأَعْيُنِنَا وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ وَمِنَ ٱلَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْهُ وَإِدْبَٰرَ ٱلنُّجُومِ

«44. And if they were to see a piece of the heaven falling down, they would say: "Clouds gathered in heaps!"»

«45. So leave them alone till they meet their Day, in which they will sink into a fainting (with horror).»

«46. The Day when their plotting shall not avail them at all, nor will they be helped.»

«47. And verily, for those who do wrong, there is another punishment before this; but most of them know not.»

«48. So wait patiently for the decision of your Lord, for verily, you are under Our Eyes; and glorify the praises of your Lord when you get up.»

«49. And in the nighttime also glorify His praises and at the setting of the stars.»

The Stubbornness of the Idolators; Their Punishment Allāh the Exalted reaffirms the stubbornness of the idolators and their ignorance of what goes around them,

Qur’an 52:44وَإِن يَرَوْا۟ كِسْفًا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ سَاقِطًا

«And if they were to see a piece of the heaven falling down,» meaning, on them as punishment, they would not believe it is coming their way, saying that, these are layers of clouds on top of each other. Allāh the Exalted said in other Āyāt,

Qur’an 15:14–15وَلَوْ فَتَحْنَا عَلَيْهِم بَابًا مِّنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَظَلُّوا۟ فِيهِ يَعْرُجُونَ لَقَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّمَا سُكِّرَتْ أَبْصَٰرُنَا بَلْ نَحْنُ قَوْمٌ مَّسْحُورُونَ

«And even if We opened to them a gate from the heaven and they were to keep on ascending thereto (all day long), they would surely say (in the evening): "Our eyes have been dazzled. Nay, we are a people bewitched."»(15:14-15) Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:45فَذَرْهُمْ

«So leave them alone», 'O Muḥammad,'

Qur’an 52:45حَتَّىٰ يُلَٰقُوا۟ يَوْمَهُمُ ٱلَّذِى فِيهِ يُصْعَقُونَ

«till they meet their Day, in which they will sink into a fainting.» on the Day of Resurrection,

Qur’an 52:46يَوْمَ لَا يُغْنِى عَنْهُمْ كَيْدُهُمْ شَيْـًٔا

«The Day when their plotting shall not avail them at all,» meaning, on the Day of Resurrection, their deceit and plots they planned in this life shall not help them in the least,

Qur’an 52:46وَلَا هُمْ يُنصَرُونَ

«nor will they be helped.» Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:47وَإِنَّ لِلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ عَذَابًا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ

«And verily, for those who do wrong, there is another punishment before this;» meaning, that of being the torment in this world. Allāh the Exalted said in another Āyah,

Qur’an 32:21وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُم مِّنَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ٱلْأَدْنَىٰ دُونَ ٱلْعَذَابِ ٱلْأَكْبَرِ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْجِعُونَ

«And verily, We will make them taste of the near torment prior to the supreme torment (in the Hereafter), in order that they may return.»(32:21) Allāh said;

Qur’an 52:47وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ

«but most of them know not.» meaning, 'We will torment them in the life of the world and test them with various hardships, so that they might go back and repent. However, they do not understand what is happening to them or why, because when the torment is removed, they revert to committing the worst of what they used to do before.' A Ḥadīth states that,

Ordering the Prophet ﷺ to have Patience and to glorify Allāh Allāh the Exalted said,

Qur’an 52:48وَٱصْبِرْ لِحُكْمِ رَبِّكَ فَإِنَّكَ بِأَعْيُنِنَا

«So wait patiently for the decision of your Lord, for verily, you are under Our Eyes;» meaning, 'be patient in the face of their annoyance and do not be concerned about it, for you are under Our Eyes and Protection, and We will surely protect you from the people,'

Qur’an 52:48وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ

«and glorify the praises of your Lord when you get up.» Aḍ-Ḍaḥḥāk said, "Meaning to stand for the Ṣalāh (and say): "Glorious are You and with Your praise, Hallowed be Your Name, Exalted be Your majesty, and there is no God (worthy of worship) except You."^{1Aṭ-Ṭabari 22:489.} In his Ṣaḥīḥ, Muslim recorded that 'Umar used to recite this supplication when he began Ṣalāh.^{2Muslim 1:299.} Aḥmad and the Sunan compilers recorded this Ḥadīth from Abu Sa'īd and other Companions, who stated that the Prophet ﷺ used to say that.^{3Aḥmad 3:50, Abu Dāwud 1:490, Tuḥfat Al-Aḥwadhi 2:47 and 50, An-Nasā'ī, 2:132 and Ibn Mājah 1:264 and 265.} Abu Al-Jawzā' commented on the Āyah;

Qur’an 52:48وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ

«and glorify the praises of your Lord when you get up.» "From your sleep, from your bed."^{4Al-Qurṭubi 17:79.} And this is the view chosen by Ibn Jarīr.^{5Aṭ-Ṭabari 22:488.} Suporting this view is the Ḥadīth that Imām Aḥmad recorded that 'Ubādah bin Aṣ-Sāmit said that the Messenger of Allāh ﷺ said,

Ḥadīthمَنْ تَعَارَّ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَقَالَ: لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ، وَهُوَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَلَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي - أَو قَالَ: ثُمَّ دَعَا - اسْتُجِيبَ لَهُ، فَإِنْ عَزَمَ فَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ صَلَّىٰ، قُبِلَتْ صَلَاتُهُ

«Whoever gets up at night and says: 'La ilāha illallāh, He is One without partners. For Him is the kingdom and all praise is due to Him. He has power over all things. Glory be to Allāh, and all praise is due to Allāh, and La illāha illāllāh and Allāh is Greater. There is neither might nor power except Allāh.' And then says, 'O Lord! Forgive me.' Or invokes (Allāh), he will be responded to it, and if he intends and performs ablution and prays, his prayer will be accepted.»^{6Aḥmad 5:313.} Al-Bukhāri and the Sunan compilers also recorded this Ḥadīth.^{7Fatḥ Al-Bāri 3:47, Abu Dāwud 5:305, Tuḥfat Al-Aḥwadhi 9:359, An-Nasā'ī in Al-Kubrā 6:215 and Ibn Mājah 2:1276.} Ibn Abi Najīḥ reported that Mujāhid commented on the Āyah,

Qur’an 52:48وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ

«and glorify the praises of your Lord when you get up.» saying, "From every gathering you sit in." Ath-Thawri said that Abu Isḥāq narrated that Abu Al-Aḥwaṣ said that,

Qur’an 52:48وَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ

«and glorify the praises of your Lord when you get up.» "When a person wants to stand from a gathering, he says: 'Glory be to You, O Allāh, and with Your praise.'"^{8Al-Qurṭubi 17:78.} Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Prophet ﷺ said,

Ḥadīthمَنْ جَلَسَ فِي مَجْلِسٍ فَكَثُرَ فِيهِ لَغَطُهُ، فَقَالَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقُومَ مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ: سُبْحَانَكَ اللّٰهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ، أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ، إِلَّا غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَا كَانَ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ ذٰلِكَ

«Whoever sits in a gathering in which he speaks idle excessively, but says before he stands up to depart that gathering, 'Glory be to You O Allāh , and with Your praise, I testify that there is no God (worthy of worship) except You, I seek Your forgiveness, and I repent to You.' Then, Allāh will forgive him what he has said in that gathering.» This was recorded by At-Tirmidhi, and this is his wording, and it was also recorded by An-Nasā'ī in ['Amal] Al-Yawm wal-Laylah.^{9Tuḥfat Al-Aḥwadhi 9:392 and An-Nasā'ī in Al-Kubrā 6:105.} At-Tirmidhi said, "Ḥasan Ṣaḥīḥ." It was also recorded by Al-Ḥākim in his Mustadrak, and he said, "Its chain meets the criteria of Muslim."^{10Al-Ḥākim, 1:536.} Allāh the Exalted said;

Qur’an 52:49وَمِنَ ٱلَّيْلِ فَسَبِّحْهُ

«And in the nighttime also glorify His praises», meaning remember and worship Allāh by reciting the Qur'ān and praying at night. Allāh the Exalted said in another Āyah,

Qur’an 17:79وَمِنَ ٱلَّيْلِ فَتَهَجَّدْ بِهِۦ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَبْعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَامًا مَّحْمُودًا

«And in some of the night, offer Tahajjud in it as an additional (prayer) for you. It may be that your Lord will raise you to Maqām Maḥmūd.»(17:79) Allāh said;

Qur’an 52:49وَإِدْبَٰرَ ٱلنُّجُومِ

«and at the setting of the stars.» is in reference to the two voluntary Rak'ahs before the Dawn prayer, according to a Ḥadīth from Ibn 'Abbās. These two Rak'ahs are an established Sunnah performed before the stars are about to set.^{11Aṭ-Ṭabari 22:379.} It is confimred in the Two Ṣaḥīḥs from 'Ā'ishah, may Allāh be pleased with her, who said, "The Prophet ﷺ was never more regular and particular in offering any voluntary prayer than the two (Sunnah) Rak'ahs of the Fajr prayer."^{12Fatḥ Al-Bāri 3:55 and Muslim 1:501.} In another narration collected by Muslim, [the Prophet ﷺ said,]

Ḥadīthرَكْعَتَا الْفَجْرِ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا فِيهَا

«Two (Sunnah) Rak'ahs before Fajr are better than this life and all that in it.»^{13Muslim 1:501.}

This is the end of the Tafsīr of Sūrat Aṭ-Ṭūr, all praise and gratitude is due to Allāh.